Risk Factors for Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection (CRBSI) is a common and life-threatening complication of hemodialysis, with high morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of CRBSI in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: The search process included the electronic databases of CNKI, WANGFANG, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to July 2021. The quality assessment of the included studies was conducted according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The Odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association of risk factors with CRBSI using RevMan 5.4 software in the current study. Results: A total of 23 pieces of literature were included in this study, counting a total of 10335 patients, including 1165 patients with CRBSI and 9170 patients without CRBSI. Meta analysis results showed that puncture times [OR=3.22, 95% CI (2.42, 4.27)], femoral vein catheterization (OR=1.69, 95%CI 1.38-2.08, P＜0.00001), catheter indwelling time (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.62-3.04, P < 0.0001), age (OR =1.69, 95%CI 1.49-1.91, P < 0.0001), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.71-2.15, P< 0.00001), dialysis time (OR = 2.89, 95%CI 1.82-4.59, P <0.0001), duration of hospitalization (OR =2.49, 95%CI 1.47-4.23,P =0.0006) and hypoproteinemia (OR =3.19, 95%CI 2.08-4.89, P＜0.0001) were risk factors for CRBSI.Conclusions: Catheter retention time, age, femoral vein catheterization, diabetes, hospitalization time and hypoproteinemia were risk factors for CRBSI in hemodialysis patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.018 | 0.042 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".