An efficient numerical algorithm for the L2 optimal transport problem with applications to image processing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a numerical method to solve the optimal transport problem with a quadratic cost when the source and target measures are periodic probability densities. This method is based on a numerical resolution of the corresponding Monge-Ampère equation. We extend the damped Newton algorithm of Loeper and Rapetti \cite{LR} to the more general case of a non uniform density which is relevant to the optimal transport problem, and we show that our algorithm converges for sufficiently large damping coefficients. The main idea consists of designing an iterative scheme where the fully nonlinear equation is approximated by a non-constant coefficient linear elliptic PDE that we solve numerically. We introduce several improvements and some new techniques for the numerical resolution of the corresponding linear system. Namely, we use a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method by Strain \cite{St}, which allows to increase the efficiency of our algorithm against the standard finite difference method. Moreover, we use a fourth order finite difference scheme to approximate the partial derivatives involved in the nonlinear terms of the Newton algorithm, which are evaluated once at each iteration; this leads to a significant improvement of the accuracy of the method, but does not sacrifice its efficiency. Finally, we present some numerical experiments which demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our method on several examples of image processing, including an application to multiple sclerosis disease detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".