Engineering Electro‐Optic BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanocrystals via Efficient Doping
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electro‐optic (EO) modulators provide electrical‐to‐optical signal conversion relevant to optical communications. Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) is a promising material system for EO modulation in light of its optical ultrafast nonlinearity, low optical loss, and high refractive index. To enhance further its spontaneous polarization, BaTiO 3 can be doped at the Ba and Ti sites; however, doping is often accompanied by ion migration, which diminishes EO performance. Here, donor–acceptor doping and its effect on EO efficiency are investigated, finding that La‐doped BaTiO 3 achieves an EO coefficient of 42 pm V −1 at 1 kHz, fully twice that of the pristine specimen; however, it is also observed that, with this single‐element doping, the EO response falls off rapidly with frequency. From impedance spectroscopy, it is found that frequency‐dependent EO is correlated with ion migration. Density functional theory calculations predict that the ion‐migration barrier decreases with La 3+ doping but can be recovered with further Mn 2+ doping, a finding that prompts to prevent ion migration by incorporating Mn 2+ into the Ti‐site to compensate for the charge imbalance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it