Fetal and maternal outcome of higher-order multiple pregnancies in a tertiary hospital: A 5-year single-center observational study from Nigeria
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and outcomes of higher-order multiple pregnancies in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria Methods: This is a retrospective review of all cases of higher-order multiple pregnancies that were managed between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2016 in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. Data obtained were represented with frequency tables, percentages, bar charts, and odds ratio. Results: There were 22 higher-order multiple pregnancies over the study period and 12,002 deliveries, giving a higher-order multiple prevalence rate of 0.2%. Five of the mothers (four triplets and one quadruplet) had in vitro fertilization (0.4 per 1000 deliveries), while other mothers conceived naturally. Many of the women (12, 54.6%) were in the 30–34 years age group, and more than half (16, 72.7%) were multiparas. More than half of the neonates were delivered preterm (13, 59.1%). Being booked is associated with better neonatal outcomes although not significant (odds ratio = 3.06. 95% confidence interval: 0.55–16.83, p = 0.197). Anemia was common in the antepartum and postpartum periods. Half of the women (11, 50%) were delivered by elective cesarean section and 7 (31.8%) by emergency cesarean section (C/S), while 4 (18.2%) had a spontaneous vaginal delivery. The neonates had a mean birth weight of 2.14 ± 0.35 kg. Overall, 61 neonates (91.0%) were born alive and 6 (9.0%) suffered perinatal deaths, giving a perinatal mortality rate of 89.8 neonates per 1000 live births. Conclusion: Our study shows that higher-order multiple pregnancies are high-risk pregnancies that are associated with fetal and maternal complications. Anemia is the commonest complication seen in our study. The majority had preterm delivery. Proper antenatal care and close feto-maternal monitoring are important in reducing adverse outcomes associated with these pregnancies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it