Subaltern struggles to access public spaces: Young rural migrants in Hanoi, Vietnam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper explores the relationships between youth who are rural labor migrants and public spaces in Hanoi, Vietnam. A host of constraints limit the access of these young subalterns to the city's public spaces, ranging from a shortage of such spaces in areas where they live, to limited leisure time, constrained mobility, and social stigmatisation. Yet, these young men and women still manage to use and enjoy a number of public spaces in Hanoi for socialisation and recreational purposes. In analysing the practices adopted by these youth to access and use these spaces, we bring a stronger focus on socio‐spatial critiques and everyday politics to existing understandings of rural migrant experiences in Vietnamese cities. We approach the everyday socio‐spatial practices of young labour migrants in Hanoi as a complex amalgamation of both their individual subjectivities, needs, and desires, and the multiple obstacles they face to engage with urban public spaces. By unpacking these tensions, our analysis uncovers the specific importance of informal sidewalk stalls and pedestrian streets for this engagement. The multiple ways by which the youth comply with or subtly resist expected norms in these spaces uncovers their creativity in developing a range of everyday politics and spatial negotiations. Despite their subaltern position, migrant youth are able to challenge the material and socio‐normative constraints they face in Hanoi to gain a respite from their harsh working conditions and pursue their desires for distinctively urban experiences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".