Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study shows that time availability is a significant mediator between SES and health. I draw on representative survey data from the Canadian Multinational Time Use Survey and supplement this data source with a second data set containing localized sociodemographic and time availability measures. In addition to testing existing time scarcity measures, I also propose a broader set of new, more inclusive measures. Analyses involve two stages. First, binary logistic regressions evaluate statistically significant relationships. The second stage uses mediation analyses to assess whether time availability is statistically significant in mediating the relationship between SES and self-reported health. I compute direct, indirect, and total effects, independently for each of the objective and subjective time availability measures, for both the nationally representative sample and for the localized sample. My results show that both time scarcity and time excess are important when examining the mechanisms linking SES and health. For example, 12 percent of the effect of household-level SES on health is via discretionary time availability. Further, over 10 percent of the effect of neighborhood-level SES on health is via subjective time scarcity. Objective time poverty mediates about 9 percent. 7.3 percent of the effect of SES on health is via objective time excess. Considering the differing temporal needs of marginalized populations, this work has important health policy implications for sociotemporal disparities in health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".