Systematic review on the prevalence and factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Obesity in children is the world's most serious health problem, and it has been connected to death. Children who are obese are more prone to experience major health issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to systematically review the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Malaysia and its associated factors. Materials and Methods: Three main databases were adopted in this review and study was done according to the PRISMA flow diagram. After being reviewed for stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were retrieved and compiled in Microsoft Excel. For quality evaluation, the articles included were appraised by using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Result: The first search yielded 4121 articles for review and left with 21 articles after eliminating duplicates and applying inclusion criteria. All of data from the review were divided into five primary domains. Based on our data, we concluded that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Malaysian children ranged from 23.8% to 58.0%. The ultimate risk for childhood overweight and obesity was due to genetics, followed by low education level of parents, physically inactive and others.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".