Molecular Investigation of Fowl Aviadenovirus in Broiler Flocks in North Sinai Province
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdV) have gained increasing attention recently in Egypt and worldwide. They are the primary etiology of many widespread diseases. Among these diseases, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Many outbreaks of IBH have been documented in the last few years across the country, causing significant economic losses to the Egyptian poultry sector. This study was established to identify FAdV from field outbreaks of IBH in commercial broiler farms in North Sinai province during the period from May 2016 till December 2017. Affected birds lie on their sides with reduced feed intake, depression, ruffled feathers, pale comb and facial skin. While the most common postmortem lesions were hydropericardium, yellowish enlarged liver with ecchymotic hemorrhages, pancreatitis, and enteritis. Histopathological examination of liver samples collected at different stages of infection showed multifocal necrosis, extensive congestion with inflammatory cellular infiltration. The presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIB) was variable among samples. FAdV were detected in liver samples from eleven flocks out of the fourteen examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) using commercial kits with differences in viral load among samples. DNA samples from four flocks that exhibited the highest fluorescence curve altitudes were subjected to conventional PCR targeting the hexon loop-1 gene for genetic characterization purpose. Sequencing of the four specific PCR products and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed that the four isolates (Sin-1, Sin-2, Sin-3, and Sin-4) were clustered into serotype-2, FAdV-D species. The strains in this study are sharing 99.82%, 99.63%,99.60%, and 98.2% nucleotide identity with FADV-2 (species D) strains from Israel, Japan, Egypt, and Canada, respectively. This study provides epidemiological data that could be useful in the design of an appropriate prevention strategy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".