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Record W4298342869 · doi:10.18280/ria.360407

GAN-Based Encoding Model for Reversible Image Steganography

2022· article· en· W4298342869 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueRevue d intelligence artificielle · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicDigital Media Forensic Detection
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSteganographyEncoding (memory)Computer scienceCover (algebra)Image (mathematics)Artificial intelligenceDistortion (music)Pattern recognition (psychology)Metric (unit)Similarity (geometry)Computer visionTelecommunicationsEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In carrying out reversible image steganography, the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs-based) models have proven to be the most suitable deep learning models for image steganography. Image steganography is a steganography system that hides secret data in an image cover medium without arousing suspicion, and it is defined by the ability to reconstruct the cover medium with no visible distortion after the steganography system has been decoded by extracting the hidden data. In this study, we try achieve the encoding phase in image steganography, where two GAN-base models (CycleGAN and DCGAN) were proposed. Empirical analysis was done to determine a better model for the encoding of image steganography. The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), the Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM), and bit per pixel (bpp) were used as the metrics for the analysis. The outcome of DCGAN yielded (SSIM=0.48; PSNR=19.86; bpp=24.79) and the outcome of using CycleGAN yielded (SSIM=0.97; PSNR=41.45; bpp=24.97). These values concluded that the CycleGAN was preferable over the DCGAN. Hence, the CycleGAN was adopted as the encoding model.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.951
Threshold uncertainty score0.767

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.040
GPT teacher head0.256
Teacher spread0.217 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it