Numerical studies of frontal motion in the atmosphere-I
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The motion of frontal disturbances in the atmosphere is studied by the numerical solution of differential equations based upon a two-layer model of an incompressible fluid on a rotating earth. The density of each layer is assumed to be constant. The upper and lower fluids correspond respectively to warm and cold air. In this first attempt, only the motion of the lower cold air layer is studied by assuming, in effect, that the dynamics of the perturbations in the upper warm air layer can be neglected. The numerical study of this simple mechanical model shows that even though thermodynamic processes have been ignored, the occlusion process, characteristic for warm and cold fronts, develops from an initially sinusoidal frontal pattern. Two cases of different initial conditions are examined. Case A: Only the east-west component of wind velocity is initially geostrophic. Case B: Both east-west and north-south components are initially geostrophic. In both cases, computations indicate that the cold front propagates faster than the warm front and that a relatively strong mass convergence zone appears behind the cold front only. This fact suggests the occurrence of severe storms associated with cold fronts, but not with warm fronts in the atmosphere. The numerical method developed here to calculate the movement of the front is based on following the motion of the material “particles” at the front. This method has applications to the numerical solution of a certain class of hydrodynamic flow problems in which the entire boundary of the domain of integration is not given a priori, but must be determined (so-called free-boundary problems).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".