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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Joan C. Williams, Michaela Loeffler, Laurie B. Marczak
Bibliographic record
VenueUNC Libraries · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicHealthcare Systems and Public Health
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersDaiichi Sankyo EuropeInstitute of Infection and ImmunityInstitute of GeneticsMailman School of Public Health, Columbia UniversityDivision of Graduate EducationSahlgrenska AkademinNational Health and Medical Research CouncilUppsala UniversitetDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of HaifaMedical Center, University of RochesterWollega UniversityNational Institutes of HealthAswan UniversityFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaArak University of Medical SciencesRede de Química e TecnologiaMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationUniversidade Federal de SergipeUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical CampusINCLIVA Instituto de Investigación SanitariaPublic Health Foundation of IndiaApplied Molecular Biosciences UnitWageningen University and ResearchSamara UniversityH. Lundbeck A/SServierChristian Medical College, VelloreUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustPontificia Universidad JaverianaThe Wellcome Trust DBT India AllianceGeorge Institute for Global HealthUniversity of PeradeniyaAuckland University of Technology, New ZealandWeill Cornell Medical CollegeXiamen UniversityUniversity of GondarTartu ÜlikoolFakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U KragujevcuShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesUniversitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie "Carol Davila" BucureştiUniversity of the PhilippinesMedical Research CouncilSri Ramachandra UniversityUniversity of Massachusetts BostonFundação Instituto de Pesquisas EconômicasDamon Runyon Cancer Research FoundationAlzheimer's AssociationUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisSchool of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape TownBall State UniversityAddis Ababa UniversityUniversità degli Studi di SalernoBurnet InstituteUniversity of DelhiCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud MentalHospital for Sick ChildrenBahir Dar UniversityGöteborgs UniversitetDebre Markos UniversityFlinders UniversityUniversität BielefeldUniversidade de São PauloUniversity of New South WalesFoundation for Education and European CultureNational Yang-Ming UniversityHacettepe ÜniversitesiUniversitetet i OsloUniversitair Medisch Centrum GroningenMinistry of Health and Medical EducationHaramaya UniversityUniversity of TokyoInyuvesi Yakwazulu-NataliYork UniversityTehran University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do SulKyowa Hakko KirinEuropean Regional Development FundKarolinska InstitutetJordan University of Science and TechnologyTampereen YliopistoHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreNewcastle UniversityQueensland Brain InstituteUniversity of California, San DiegoNational Health Research InstitutesConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoHigh Blood Pressure Research Council of AustraliaImperial College LondonPublic Health EnglandUniversity of TorontoNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversitat de ValènciaUniversity of CanberraSecretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e InnovaciónCairo UniversityLunds UniversitetWeill Cornell Medicine - QatarDalhousie UniversityUniversitetet i BergenPublic Health WalesSimmons CollegeOttawa Hospital Research InstituteKing Saud UniversityBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungScottish GovernmentUniversiteit UtrechtU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesUniversity of MelbourneWashington University in St. LouisMonash UniversityAllerganSecretaría de SaludNational Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research UnitDanmarks GrundforskningsfondCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorAteneo de Manila UniversityHögskolan DalarnaUniversity of BristolUniversity of WashingtonRijksuniversiteit GroningenEuropean CommissionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillEli Lilly and CompanyPublic Health AgencySouth African Medical Research CouncilUniversität HohenheimUniversity of OxfordAXA Research FundUniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium MedicumUniversity College LondonKing's College LondonOhio State UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityUniversity of WarwickUniversity of LeicesterYale UniversityChinese Academy of SciencesJimma UniversityZahedan University of Medical SciencesHarvard UniversityWarwick Medical SchoolDeutsches KrebsforschungszentrumPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, ChandigarhUniversity of AberdeenMekelle UniversityUniversiteit StellenboschNational Research FoundationCenters for Disease Control and PreventionUniversity of QueenslandNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaNew York University Abu DhabiUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthBloomberg PhilanthropiesInstitute for Health Metrics and EvaluationBirzeit UniversityUniversity of SydneyUniversidade do PortoAustralian GovernmentUniversity of GlasgowNorwegian Institute of Public HealthInternational Society of NephrologyLondon School of Economics and Political ScienceAmgenNational Drug and Alcohol Research CentreFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaMadda Walabu UniversityPublic Health Agency of CanadaUniversity College CorkUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulCentral South UniversityInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesArabian Gulf UniversitySeattle Children's Research InstituteIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCSUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustQueensland HealthTrường Đại học Duy TânWellcome TrustGeneralitat ValencianaRegeneron PharmaceuticalsSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteNational Cancer InstitutePeking UniversitySeoul National UniversityUniversity of SouthamptonCenters for Disease Control and Prevention FoundationHelsingin YliopistoUniversité de LorraineUniversity of Cape TownHorizon PharmaceuticalsAarhus UniversitetUniversität BaselRussian Academy of SciencesJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthUniversity of RochesterCollege of Medicine, Seoul National UniversityUniversità degli Studi di MilanoUniversity of OtagoCurtin University of TechnologyInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIBill and Melinda Gates FoundationPfizerMazandaran University of Medical SciencesKaiser PermanenteChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionGeorge Mason UniversityBrien Holden Vision InstituteUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
KeywordsEnvironmental healthBurden of diseaseRisk assessmentDiseaseMedicineRisk analysis (engineering)EconomicsPathology
Abstract
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.019
Threshold uncertainty score0.919
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.195
GPT teacher head0.420
Teacher spread0.225 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations0
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes