Effect of high pulling speeds on the morphologies of pultrudates in a thermoplastic pultrusion process
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
During thermoplastic pultrusion, increasing the pulling speed generally leads to a melted polymer pressure rise in the pultrusion dies. Yet, it was not clear if the polymer pressure’s increase would result in a faster impregnation flow that would compensate for the lower residency time inside the heating dies. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify if the speed-induced pressure can counterbalance the decrease in residency time that is required for impregnation quality and to analyze possible pultrudate morphology’s reconfiguration. Three distant pulling speeds were selected: namely 50, 500 and 1000 mm/min. Using a model, the polymer pressure in the pultrusion dies was computed to reach up to 1.0, 10.42, and 20.6 MPa for the respective pultrusion pulling speed. The morphology’s characterization showed a reconfiguration of the pultrudate at a higher pulling speed leading to larger unimpregnated agglomerations and polymer rich areas. The highest tensile strength achieved was 233.4 ± 1.5 MPa at 50 mm/min and dropped by around 20% when the pulling speed was raised to 1000 mm/min. The pultrudate reconfiguration at higher speed, attributed to delayed melting of PP fibers in underfilled dies, is deemed responsible for the loss in impregnation and mechanical properties.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it