History of education in Romania with a focus on Bologna process in higher education institutions: an analysis of institutional autonomy, quality assurance, and the social dimension - História da educação na Roménia com foco no processo de Bolonha
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The education system of Romania was punctuated by major educational reforms that shaped its course. The education system of Romania can be categorised as having distinctive periods of convergence (late 18th century- pre-WWII, 1968-1969, and 1989-present) and divergence (during most of the Communist regime) with, and from, the education system of Western Europe. Starting in 1999, the Bologna reforms have revolutionised the education system in Romania. New education legislation was passed to keep up with the changes enacted by the ministerial meetings of the Bologna Process. The higher education system oscillated between centralism and autonomy following the years after the collapse of the Communist regime. This article analyzes the education system in Romania with a particular focus on institutional autonomy, quality assurance, and social dimension. Key-words: educational reforms, history of education, Bologna Process, institutional isomorphism, diversification, institutional homogeneity, academic mobility, institutional autonomy. HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO NA ROMÊNIA COM FOCO NO PROCESSO DE BOLONHA EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR: UMA ANÁLISE INSTITUCIONAL - AUTONOMIA, GARANTIA DE QUALIDADE E DIMENSÃO SOCIAL Resumo O sistema de ensino da Romênia foi marcado por grandes reformas educacionais que moldaram o seu curso e pode ser categorizado como tendo períodos distintos de convergência - final do século 18, pré-Segunda Guerra Mundial, 1968-1969, e 1989 ao presente - e divergência - maior parte do regime comunista e a partir da integração no sistema de ensino da Europa Ocidental. A partir de 1999 as reformas de Bolonha têm revolucionado o sistema de ensino na Romênia. A nova legislação da educação foi alterada para permitir o andamento do Processo de Bolonha e o sistema de ensino superior oscilou entre centralismo e autonomia. Este artigo analisa o sistema de ensino romeno com um foco particular sobre a autonomia institucional, garantia de qualidade e dimensão social. Palavras-chave: reformas educacionais, história da educação, processo de Bolonha, isomorfismo institucional, diversificação, homogeneidade institucional, mobilidade acadêmica, autonomia institucional.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".