Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction and Neuropsychological Development in Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CONTEXT: Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal brain development. The potential effects of maternal gestational thyroid dysfunction on offspring neuropsychological development remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to estimate effects of maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy on offspring neuropsychological development in the first 2 years. METHODS: We prospectively examined 1903 mothers and their children from the Shanghai Birth Cohort. Thyroid hormones were assessed at about 12 gestational weeks. Maternal thyroid function was classified into 7 categories: euthyroid, overt/subclinical hyperthyroidism, overt/subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroxinemia, and hypothyroxinemia. Neuropsychological development was assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire at age 6 months, and Bayley Scales at age 24 months. RESULTS: Compared with children of euthyroid mothers, maternal overt hypothyroidism was associated with 7.0 points (95% CI, 1.7-12.4) lower scores in personal-social domain in girls aged 6 months, 7.3 points (95% CI, 2.0-12.6) lower in motor domain, and 7.7 points (95% CI, 1.1-14.2) lower social-emotional scores in boys at age 24 months; maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with 6.5 points (95% CI, 1.0-12.1) poorer social-emotional domain in boys at age 6 months, and 7.4 points (95% CI, 0.1-14.8) poorer adaptive behavior domain in boys at age 24 months; maternal hypothyroxinemia was associated with 9.3 points (95% CI, 3.5-15.1) lower motor scores in boys at age 24 months; and maternal subclinical hyperthyroidism was associated with 6.9 points (95% CI, 0.1-13.7) lower language scores in girls at age 24 months. CONCLUSION: Maternal overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy were associated with weakened neuropsychological development in infancy, and some effects may be sex specific.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".