THE SECULAR AND THE RELIGIOUS IN THE REFORMS OF PETER THE GREAT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the church reform carried out by Peter I in the context of the Russian society modernization in the first quarter of the XVIII century. The prerequisites for the church reform and the prehistory in the development of its relations with the state power since the era of Ivan the Terrible are considered, a brief overview of the historiography of the issue is given. Religiosity of Peter the Great which was traditional for that era was influenced by the Western system of values through the environment of the future emperor in his youth in the German Quarter. At the same time, he consistently continued the policy of his father, who sought to restore the priority of secular power. An important factor was Peter’s ambiguous personal relationship with Patriarch Adrian, who stood up for the Strelitz and refused to make tsaritza Evdokia a nun. Undoubtedly, an important role in the church policy was played by the desire to limit an uncontrolled transfer of state resources, primarily land, to the church-monastery system. The Synod was based on the collegial principle of governance, as in other secular institutions of the empire, which emphasized the primordial superiority of the secular power over the spiritual one. Despite all the apparent inconsistency of Peter the Great’s actions, the former set of traditional religious practices was preserved, supplemented with the functions necessary to build the trajectory of a long process of social modernization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".