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Record W4303430998 · doi:10.5772/intechopen.105772

Colorimetric Cytotoxicity Assays

2022· book-chapter· en· W4303430998 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueIntechOpen eBooks · 2022
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldEngineering
Topic3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Ottawa
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCytotoxicityFormazanCytotoxic T cellChemistryViability assayIn vivoBiochemistryCellIn vitroBiologyBiotechnology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Cytotoxicity experiments are carried out to evaluate whether a chemical has cytotoxic potential. Because of its ease of use and compatibility with data collected from in vivo investigations, cell-based cytotoxicity studies have emerged as a viable alternative to animal trials in research. Cell-damaging events such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis may occur after exposure to cytotoxic substances. Thanks to the cell-based cytotoxicity studies, basic information is obtained about the cytotoxic effects of the tested substance. To measure cell viability, a variety of techniques are used. Regardless of the sort of cytotoxicity investigation that was carried out, the crucial thing is to figure out how much metabolic activity there is in the cells at the end of the experiment. Cytotoxicity detection methods are generally colorimetric, luminescent, and enzymatic methods. In colorimetric methods, measurement is based on color change using tetrazolium salts, such as MTT, MTS, XTT, WST. Three main steps are followed in tetrazolium compound toxicity tests. Toxic compounds are introduced to cells in the initial stage. The poisonous chemical is eliminated in the second phase and followed by the addition of the tetrazolium compound. The metabolically active cells are determined in the last stage by using a spectrophotometric approach to measure color change.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.817
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0140.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.258
Teacher spread0.228 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it