Interactions between Medications and the Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In view of the increasing evidence that commonly prescribed, non-antibiotic drugs interact with the gut microbiome, we re-examined the microbiota variance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to determine the degree to which medication and supplement intake might account for compositional differences between disease subtypes and geographic location. We assessed the confounding effects of various treatments on the faecal microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) in persons with Crohn's disease (CD; n = 188) or ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 161) from either Cork (Ireland) or Manitoba (Canada) sampled at three time points. The medication profiles between persons with UC and CD and from different countries varied in number and type of drugs taken. Among Canadian participants with CD, surgical resection and overall medication and supplement usage is significantly more common than for their Irish counterparts. Treatments explained more microbiota variance (3.5%) than all other factors combined (2.4%) and 40 of the 78 tested medications and supplements showed significant associations with at least one taxon in the gut microbiota. However, while treatments accounted for a relatively small proportion of the geographic contribution to microbiome variance between Irish and Canadian participants, additive effects from multiple medications contributed significantly to microbiome differences between UC and CD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".