Optimizing the extraction of cobalt ions under response surface methodology and without organic solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, response surface methodology was used to evaluate the extraction of cobalt ions using an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS). This method is environmentally benign and low‐risk because water has replaced the poisonous and dangerous organic solvents in this extraction procedure. For the first time, a central composite design was employed to examine the effect of various factors on the extraction of cobalt ions. The findings of the experimental design revealed that the concentration and volume of cobalt ions had a considerable impact on the extraction percentage in the ATPS system. In contrast, the concentration of ammonium sulphate and pH had only a minor effect. The value of the correlation coefficient ( R 2 = 0.9565) clearly shows the agreement between the mathematical model and the experimental results. The maximum extraction percentage was attained in optimum conditions (50% polyethylene glycol concentration, 3.75 M salt concentration, 0.5 ml cobalt volume, and pH 4).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".