Rheumatological and Musculoskeletal Complications in Diabetes Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are common in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is associated with significant morbidity and hampered quality of life. Hyperglycemia-induced aberrant levels of insulin or insulin growth factors may lead to neuropathic complications, which enhances pain through central sensitization. Evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with numerous musculoskeletal disorders and inefficient control of diabetes may cause persistent musculoskeletal pain over time. Neuropathic joints are commonly observed in the foot and ankle of patients. Diabetic polyneuropathy, rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated pain are other complications. In diabetic patients with osteoarthritis (OA), factors including advanced glycation end-stage products (AGEs) and markers of oxidative stress could contribute to pain associated with low-grade inflammation. In obese individuals with T2DM, uncontrolled glycemic status can lead to mechanical stress-induced calcification and ossification of ligaments, and oxidative damage. In individuals with diabetes and OA, synovitis in the tissues is evidenced by the presence of higher levels of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and adipokines. The pathogenesis of cheirarthritis remains largely unknown and is attributed to increased AGE, chronic hyperglycemia, dysregulated function of extracellular and some intracellular proteins. Advancing age, hormonal changes during adolescence, disorderly secretion of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are other possible contributing factors. Early assessment and strict control of diabetes can prevent other long-term micro and macrovascular complications. These measures can reduce the term of enduring pain and morbidity in susceptible individuals. This article reviews the prevailing knowledge and the mechanistic role of underlying diabetes on rheumatological and musculoskeletal disorders. J Endocrinol Metab. 2022;12(4-5):117-124 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem811
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".