Detection of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection in Colorectal Cancer and Viral Genome Integration Status
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third common cause of malignancy in Iran, and its incidence rate has been raised due to an increase in individual and environmental risk factors. Objectives: The present study aimed to define the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in CRC, then by drawing a phylogenetic tree, we aimed to analysis the sequences of isolated HPVs, and finally determine the viral genome physical status for HPV-16. Methods: A nested-PCR (nPCR), direct sequencing, and INNO-LiPA HPV genotyping assay were carried out for HPV detection, and a quantitative real-time PCR assay (qRT-PCR) was conducted for the physical status of the viral genome. Results: Among 157 subsets, there were 66 cases and 91 controls. Moreover, 5.7% (9/157) were HPV positive by nPCR, among whom 9.1% (6/66) were cases and 3.3% (3/91) were control groups (P = 0.750). The qRT-PCR analysis showed three forms of integrated, episomal, and mixed forms in our three HPV-16 strains. A higher rate of HPV infection was detected in the CRC cases; however, it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Although there were limited positive results, higher ages (> 65) were related to HPV involvement and CRC outcome. Furthermore, 9.1% of the CRC cases were infected with HPVs. The HPV-16 genome integration is observed in high-grade cancer cases with severe malignancy in CRC patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".