Association of elevated glycated hemoglobin and obesity with afternoon napping for more than 1 h in young and middle-aged healthy adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Sleep has different patterns followed worldwide and can be influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors. Daytime napping is commonly practiced in different parts of the world with controversial results of its effect on glucose metabolism. The current study aims to examine the association of afternoon napping and night sleep duration with metabolic derangements. Methods This is a cross-sectional study involving young adults and middle-aged subjects. Anthropometric measurements were taken for height and weight and hip and waist ratio. Consented subjects were asked to wear actigraphy for 1 week and run their usual daily activities. Home sleep apnea testing was performed to exclude obstructive sleep apnea. Subjects had been asked to come fasting on day seven for blood collection to test for fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and insulin. Results A total of 405 subjects were involved to complete the study (52% male, 48% female). The mean age of participants was 32.8 ± 11.5 years. The study indicated that the duration of afternoon napping was significantly associated with abnormal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c > 5.7%) (p = 0.01) and body mass index (p = 0.046) independent of age, gender, and nocturnal sleep duration. Nocturnal sleep duration was associated with increased insulin level (p = 0.04). Conclusion Afternoon napping is associated with an increased level of glycated hemoglobin and obesity and that may predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".