In Vitro Efficacy Test on a Food Supplement for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, representing a massive burden on healthcare systems and accounting for significant morbidity and healthcare expenditure. As bacteria generally cause UTIs, the primary therapy is defined by antibiotics, whose wide use can cause antibiotic resistance. In this scenario, using nutraceuticals to manage UTIs is an attractive alternative. This study aims to test the in vitro efficacy of a new food supplement for treating UTIs containing D-mannose, palmitoylethanolamide, HibCyn® (hibiscus extract), N-acetylcysteine and microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR04. The activity of the product was evaluated in terms of antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, and synergic activity with fosfomycin with respect to the main microorganisms responsible for UTIs, specifically Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, and Escherichia coli. “UTIVAL” food supplement has an action on both the inhibition and eradication of the biofilms formed by all the microorganisms. In the in vitro tests performed in this study, the activity of the product was effective at a concentration of 0.78 g/l. It was also possible to affirm that the product has an inhibiting effect on inflammation mediated by tumor necrosis factor αlfa (TNFα) in a concentration range of 0.04 to 0.625 mg/ml.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".