Analysis of plastically deformed functionally graded pressurized thick cylinder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An analytical solution for stresses in a plastically deformed cylinder made of a functionally graded material (FGM) under internal pressure is provided. The cylindrical material is composed of two metal powder particles manufactured using centrifugal casting. While Poisson’s ratio is assumed constant, Young’s modulus is a power function of the radius. The von Mises yield criterion is used under the plane-strain condition. The constitutive material model obeys the Ludwik power law, with the yield strength and work-hardening coefficient as functions of the radius. The stress distributions along the radial direction for the elastic, elasto–plastic field and beyond plastic collapse cases were analyzed. To study the effect on the plastic zone in FGM, in addition to pressure, the gradient index was made to vary from −2 to 2 and different cylinder aspect ratios ranging from 1 up to 3 are considered. A finite-element simulation was run for comparison and validation of the analytical solution. The results showed a good agreement between the two methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".