Circulating microparticles are increased amongst people presenting with HIV and advanced immune suppression in Malawi and correlate closely with arterial stiffness: a nested case control study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Background:</ns3:bold> We aim to investigate whether circulating microparticle (CMPs) subsets were raised amongst people presenting with a new diagnosis of HIV and advanced immune suppression in Malawi, and whether they associated with arterial stiffness. </ns3:p> <ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods</ns3:bold> : Microparticle characterisation and carotid femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) were carried out in a cohort of adults with a new HIV diagnosis and CD4 <100 cells/µL at 2 weeks post ART initiation. HIV uninfected controls were matched on age, systolic BP and diastolic BP in a 1:1 ratio. Circulating microparticles were identified from platelet poor plasma and stained for endothelial, leucocyte, monocyte and platelet markers. </ns3:p> <ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Results:</ns3:bold> The median (IQ) total CMP count for 71 participants was 1 log higher in HIV compared to those without (p<0.0001) and was associated with arterial stiffness (spearman rho 0.47, p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, every log increase in circulating particles showed a 20% increase in cfPWV (95% CI 4 – 40%, p=0.02). </ns3:p> <ns3:p>In terms of subsets, endothelial and platelet derived microparticles were most strongly associated with HIV. Endothelial derived E-selectin+ CMPs were 1.3log-fold higher and platelet derived CD42a+ CMPs were 1.4log-fold higher (both p<0.0001). Endothelial and platelet derived CMPs also correlated most closely with arterial stiffness [spearman rho: E-selectin+ 0.57 and CD42a 0.56, both p<0.0001).</ns3:p> <ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Conclusions:</ns3:bold> Circulating microparticles associate strongly with arterial stiffness among PLWH in Malawi. Endothelial and platelet microparticles are the predominant cell origin types, indicating that platelet driven endothelial dysfunction pathways warrant further investigation in HIV associated arterial stiffness. </ns3:p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".