Effect of socioeconomic status on wait times for patients undergoing treatment for laryngeal conditions in a universal healthcare system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objectives As one of the world's only fully publicly administered, universal healthcare systems, Canada intends to provide equitable access to services for all patients. Socioeconomic status (SES) can affect treatment wait times with implications on health outcomes; however, this has not been evaluated in the setting of laryngeal disease, which incorporates urgent and elective conditions, in a universal healthcare system. This study aims to identify whether SES‐affected treatment wait times for laryngeal therapies in this system. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on a cohort of patients with laryngeal disease at an academic, tertiary center who underwent laryngeal surgery over a three‐year period. Data retrieved through medical records; surgical and voice therapy wait times were normalized to each practitioner's average wait time for respective diagnostic categories. Income was used to assess SES and was derived from Statistics Canada census information based on patient postal codes. Results Data analysis identified 578 patients (59% male). Mean wait time to surgery for all conditions was 123.5 (95% confidence interval 113.1–133.9) days. Analysis of variance analysis found no difference in wait times between different SES groups ( p = .28), regardless of laryngeal disease category. Patients with cancer or airway obstruction had shorter wait times compared with benign conditions ( p < .0001). Conclusions SES did not affect treatment wait times for laryngeal therapies in a universal healthcare system. Wait times were shorter for oncologic and obstructive conditions compared with benign conditions, reflecting an ability to accommodate clinical needs without impacting care access at the detriment of different SES statuses. Level of Evidence 4
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".