Altered hemispheric asymmetries as an endophenotype in psychological and developmental disorders: a theory on the influence of stress on brain lateralization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetries are a basic organizational principle of the human brain and are ubiquitous in the healthy population. Several psychological and developmental disorders have been associated with atypical lateralization patterns, especially with a reduction of asymmetry. Among these disorders are major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders, which also show altered stress reactivity and elevated basal levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Recent research, however, has called the importance of altered asymmetries in these disorders into question. Especially for MDD, recent large-scale studies investigating altered asymmetries have not found any association. In this article, we propose that there is an association between altered asymmetry and depression but only for a subset of MDD patients. We present a theoretical framework in which we suggest that different symptom clusters expressed in mental and neurodevelopmental disorders could be associated with different neurostructural and –functional alterations, of which only few display altered asymmetry. Further, we propose that the development of a certain symptom cluster depends on the patient-specific etiology of the disorder and that a strong common factor in the development of the subtype with altered asymmetry across disorders is a chronically altered stress level as well as early life stress. To gather empirical evidence for this speculative theory, future research should focus on assessing and categorizing the etiology of disorders and different types of laterality changes on an individual patient level. Identifying different clinical subtypes and their different treatment prognosis would give rise to the possibility of sub-type-specific treatment plans and ultimately benefit patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".