Recovery of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using G-26 and MTS9570 Resins with Sulfonic/Phosphonic Functional Groups
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents Pb(II) recovery/removal from water solutions using two different commercial ion-exchange resins, i.e., Dowex G-26 with sulfonic functional group and Puromet™ MTS9570 with sulfonic and phosphonic functional groups. Overall, 100% Pb(II) recovery/removal by both resins was obtained at solution pH 3.5, resin dosage 25 g/L, adsorption time 30 min, room temperature, and initial Pb(II) concentration 1000 mg/L. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were used to model the experimental data. The mechanism of the adsorption process was investigated using kinetic and thermodynamic models. The experimental data fitted very well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) from acidic solution onto both resins was a spontaneous and endothermic process in nature. Regeneration of the resins loaded with lead ions was tested for three cycles to evaluate the resin recyclability. Good stability of G-26 and performance degradation of MTS9570 resin was observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".