Influence of Content and Source of Calcium Sulfate on Supersulfated Cement Exposed to Sodium and Magnesium Sulfate Attack at Later Ages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Supersulfated cement (SSC) consists essentially of blast-furnace slag and calcium sulfate. It can be considered an alternative to Portland cement because its production minimizes the environmental impacts caused by the exploration of raw materials and CO2 emissions. However, the long-term durability of SSC still needs to be studied. In this article, the influence of the composition of the SSC in the attack by sodium and magnesium sulfates was analyzed, varying the source (gypsum and phosphogypsum) and content (10% and 20%) of calcium sulfate. The source of calcium sulfate did not significantly influence the resistance to sulfate attack, but it did change the mechanical strength of the SSC. The results showed that at the end of two years, all SSC samples were resistant to sodium sulfate attack; SSC pastes naturally formed a large amount of ettringite at early ages, preventing expansion at later ages. The SSC containing more calcium sulfate was the only mixture resistant under magnesium sulfate attack. A higher content of calcium sulfate in the composition of SSC can reduce the rate of diffusion of sulfate ions and improve their resistance to attack by magnesium sulfate. The lower formation of C─ S─ H, together with a higher content of calcium sulfate, provided an SSC with the best performance under magnesium sulfate attack.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".