Incidence, predictors and outcomes of cardiac perforation during paediatric cardiac catheterization: A retrospective observational study from the Congenital Cardiac Interventional Study Consortium (CCISC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Cardiac perforation is a rare life-threatening complication of cardiac catheterization. There is very little published literature detailing risk factors for cardiac perforation and outcomes from this complication in children. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study analyzing the cardiac catheterization case registry of the Congenital Cardiovascular Interventional Study Consortium. Children aged <18 years were included during the study period of 9 years (January 2009- December 2017). The primary outcome measures were incidence of cardiac perforation, risk factors for and outcomes of patients who experience cardiac perforation during cardiac catheterization. Results Cardiac perforation occurred in 50 patients from a total of 36,986 (0.14%). Cardiac perforation was more likely to occur in younger, smaller patients undergoing urgent /emergent and interventional procedures (p<0.01). Cardiac peroration risk was significantly different across diagnostic and procedure categories (p<0.01). Higher CRISP score (Area Under Curve [AUC] =0.87), lower age and procedure category (radio-frequency perforation of pulmonary valve, AUC =0.84) were independent predictors of cardiac perforation. Cardiac perforation was associated with a significantly higher rate of mortality (14%), further emergency procedure (42%), ECMO (14%) and cardiac arrest (6%), p<0.01. Conclusions Cardiac perforation during cardiac catheterization is a life-threatening complication with a range of associated secondary complications. Higher CRISP score, lower age and radio-frequency perforation of pulmonary valve are independent predictors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".