Thermal performance of various adiabatic section lengths of closed-loop pulsating heat pipe designed for energy recovery applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This experimental study aims to emphasize on thermal performance and temperature variation of the closed-loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) affected by various adiabatic section lengths. A capillary copper tube has been bent to have 10 and 20 meandering turns to form the CLPHPs with 1.78 mm internal diameter. The evaporator section length was 150 mm, which was the same as of the condenser section length. The adiabatic section length was varied from 75 to 150, 300, and 450 mm. Ethanol, R123, and water was selected to be working fluid with the volumetric filling ratio of 50%. Hot water was pumped through the heating jacket for supplying the heat input to the evaporator section. Heat flux selected as the thermal performance in this study was measured by means of the calorific method across the cooling jacket enveloping the condenser section. It could be concluded that effect of the adiabatic section length has two different trends that are: (i) When the adiabatic section length increases, the heat flux continuously increases until the evaporator section length exceeds a certain value, the heat flux then decreases. And (ii) when the adiabatic section length increases, the heat flux continuously increases. The different effects between both trends are depended on the working fluid’s flow velocity, surface tension, density, and viscosity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".