Activity of Aqueous Extracts from Native Plants of the Yucatan Peninsula against Fungal Pathogens of Tomato In Vitro and from Croton chichenensis against Corynespora cassiicola on Tomato
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant extracts are a valuable alternative to control pathogens of horticultural crops. In the present study, four species of pathogenic fungi were isolated from leaf spots on Solanum lycopersicum and identified by traditional and molecular techniques as Alternaria alternata ITC24, Corynespora cassiicola ITC23, Curvularia lunata ITC22, and Fusarium equiseti ITC32. When 11 aqueous extracts from eight native plants of the Yucatan Peninsula were tested against the four fungi in vitro, the extract from Croton chichenensis roots was most active, inhibiting mycelial growth (79–100%), sporulation (100%), and conidial germination (71–100%) at 3% (w/v). A logarithmic–diagrammatic scale of the pathosystem C. cassiicola–S. lycopersicum was established and used to assess disease severity on inoculated tomato plants in a greenhouse after treatment with the aqueous extract from C. chichenensis roots at 12% (w/v). After 21 days, the disease severity was 57% lower than on the control without extract applied. This dose of the extract was not phytotoxic to tomato leaves and was compatible with the beneficial organisms Bacillus subtilis CBCK47 and Trichodema asperellum Ta13-17. The antifungal efficacy of C. chichenensis is highly promising for incorporation into integrated disease management of tomato crops.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".