Relative energies without electronic perturbations via alchemical integral transform
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We show that the energy of a perturbed system can be fully recovered from the unperturbed system's electron density. We derive an alchemical integral transform by parametrizing space in terms of transmutations, the chain rule, and integration by parts. Within the radius of convergence, the zeroth order yields the energy expansion at all orders, restricting the textbook statement by Wigner that the p-th order wave function derivative is necessary to describe the (2p + 1)-th energy derivative. Without the need for derivatives of the electron density, this allows us to cover entire chemical neighborhoods from just one quantum calculation instead of single systems one by one. Numerical evidence presented indicates that predictive accuracy is achieved in the range of mHa for the harmonic oscillator or the Morse potential and in the range of machine accuracy for hydrogen-like atoms. Considering isoelectronic nuclear charge variations by one proton in all multi-electron atoms from He to Ne, alchemical integral transform based estimates of the relative energy deviate by only few mHa from corresponding Hartree-Fock reference numbers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".