Yeast communities before and after spontaneous fermentation of wine grapes: a case study from Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wine fermentations are generally completed by the domestic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but many indigenous vineyard yeasts also influence wine flavour and aroma. Despite the flourishing wine industry in Nova Scotia, there has yet to be any systematic evaluation of these yeasts in Atlantic Canada. The yeast communities of pressed L'Acadie blanc grapes sampled from an organic vineyard in the Annapolis Valley in 2018 and 2019 were characterized before and after spontaneous fermentation by both Illumina and PacBio sequencing, to address and compare potential platform biases. Chemical and sensory evaluations were also conducted. Basidiomycete yeasts, including Vishniacozyma carnescens, Filobasidium globisporum, and Curvibasidium cygneicollum, dominated pre-fermentation diversity. Species of Saccharomyces made up ∼0.04% of sequences prior to fermentation, but 85%–100% after fermentation, with some replicates dominated by S. cerevisiae and some by S. uvarum. PacBio sequencing detected high proportions of Hanseniaspora uvarum, while Illumina sequencing did not. A better understanding of Nova Scotia vineyard yeast communities will allow local wine makers to make better use of non-traditional yeasts and spontaneous fermentations to produce high-quality wines unique to the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".