The Impact of Scripted Self-Hypnotic Relaxation on the Periprocedural Experience and Anesthesiologist Sedation Use in the Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization Suite: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the impact on children of self-hypnotic relaxation scripts read by trained staff prior to the induction of anesthesia and/or extubation on the periprocedural experience. Patients and Methods: A total of 160 children aged 7-18 years undergoing a cardiac catheterization intervention under general anesthesia were randomized into 4 groups: (1) a pre-procedure (PP-script) read prior to entering the procedural room, (2) a script read prior to extubation (PX-Script), (3) both PP- and PX-Scripts read and (4) no script read. Anxiety and pain were rated on self-reported 0-10 scales. The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale was used for preoperative anxiety. The effect of script reading was associated with outcomes by linear regression for continuous variables, and logistic regression for binary variables in two-sided tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results are given in odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Data were available for 158 patients. Reading the PP-Script prior to anesthesia was associated with a significant reduction in the use of intraoperative sedatives from 30% to 14% (OR 0.40; CI 0.18-0.88; p = 0.02) by the anesthesiologists, who were blinded to group attribution until extubation. This was despite the children not self-reporting significantly lower levels of anxiety or pain. The PX-Script did not change outcomes. Among groups, there was no significant difference in room time, postoperative recovery time and pain. Conclusion: Reading a PP-Script for guidance in self-hypnotic relaxation can result in less need for intravenous sedation in the judgment of the anesthesiologist, independent of the children's self-reported anxiety and pain. This raises interesting questions about subconscious patient-physician interactions affecting pain management. Clinicaltrialsgov Identifier: NCT02347748.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".