Diversity in genetic and downy mildew resistance among wild and mutagenized hops as revealed by single nucleotide polymorphisms and disease rating
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies on wild and landrace hops from the Canadian Maritimes are scarce. This study was undertaken to broaden the genetic base of hops and to assess the reaction of the generated variants to downy mildew (DM) disease. A landrace hop (PE Royalty (P-RL)) and a commercial cultivar (Alpharoma) were mutagenized using ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations were determined using an amplicon sequencing genetic diversity study. A subset of wild types and a subset of mutagenized hops were inoculated with DM spores and rated for disease symptoms in a controlled environment. The data showed large EMS-induced genetic diversity in the target genes along with natural variations in the wild types. A diversity in DM resistance within the studied collection was also observed. The study showed DM tolerance in some P-RL landrace seedlings, suggesting that these P-RL landraces must have acquired and developed adaptation mechanisms to co-evolve with DM disease in the environment. Further, EMS-induced mutagenesis increased allelic variations that contributed to increased DM resistance in some seedlings. The data recommend the use of true hop seeds for increased genetic variability in breeding programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".