Prevalence and Radiographic Progression of Hip Involvement in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of hip involvement between sexes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and to estimate the effect of TNFi on radiographic progression of hip involvement compared to the spine. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-nine patients with AS treated with TNFi (215 men; median age: 43 yrs [IQR 36-52], median disease duration: 7.6 yrs [IQR 2-15]) were evaluated for hip involvement, defined radiographically as Bath AS Radiological Hip Index (BASRI-hip) score ≥ 2. Those who received TNFi for ≥ 2 years (263/299) were assessed for radiographic progression. Radiographs of the pelvis and spine, obtained at baseline (ie, before TNFi initiation), were compared retrospectively to those obtained after 2.5 (SD 0.7) years and 7.0 (SD 2.3) years of TNFi treatment. Both hips were scored by BASRI-hip score and mean joint space width (MJSW). Spinal radiographs were scored by modified Stoke AS Spinal Score (mSASSS). RESULTS: = 0.10). In both sexes with hip involvement at baseline, BASRI-hip score and MJSW did not change significantly during follow-up. In males and females without baseline hip involvement, the BASRI-hip score remained unchanged after 2.5 (SD 0.7) years but increased significantly after 7.0 (SD 2.3) years, without reaching the cut-off of 2. In contrast, the MJSW slightly decreased at the 2 follow-up timepoints (ie, after 2.5 and 7.0 yrs). The mSASSS increased significantly during the follow-up in both sexes, regardless of hip involvement. CONCLUSION: In our study, approximately one-third of patients with AS had hip involvement, which seemed to stabilize with TNFi treatment. No sex differences in the prevalence or progression of this manifestation were found.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".