Dual functions of activated carbon air‐cathode: Nitrobenzene removal and electricity production in microbial fuel cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The removal of nitrobenzene (NB) in microbial electrochemical systems generally requires electrical power to operate systems in the mode of microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The present study demonstrates that single‐chamber microbial fuel cells (S‐MFCs) assembled with a bioanode and an activated carbon (AC) air cathode could simultaneously remove NB and generate electricity. S‐MFCs with 1 mM NB exhibit long term NB tolerance and stable electricity production, with NB removal up to 98% in an operation cycle and a maximum power of 16.2 ± 1.3 W m −3 . High NB loadings significantly inhibited the activity of anodic biofilms, but the inhibition was reversible. Investigating the removal of NB and its reduction product aniline (AN) in different operations supported the fact that the adsorption at the AC air cathode is the main pathway for the removal of NB and AN from solution, except for the partial conversion of NB to AN by anaerobic reduction in solution. In S‐MFCs, the activated carbon in the cathode plays both functions: catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction and adsorbing NB and AN, so that the S‐MFC assembled with the AC air cathode, unlike most NB removing MECs, functions as a system with both NB removal and electricity production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".