Breed predilections and prognosis for subungual squamous cell carcinoma in dogs.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To better document the prevalence, breed predilections, and clinical behavior of subungual squamous cell carcinomas in dogs. Procedure: Retrospective analysis of records from 278 812 canine biopsy submissions including 1518 subungual squamous cell carcinomas from dogs in Canada between the years 2003 and 2021. Results: In agreement with previous studies, giant schnauzers [odds ratio (OR): 56.7], standard schnauzers (OR: 20.3), Gordon setters (OR: 18.3), black standard poodles (OR: 11.1), Kerry blue terriers (OR: 9.4), Rottweilers (OR: 7.0), and several other breeds of large black dogs had a strong predilection for development of subungual squamous cell carcinomas. In giant schnauzers and standard poodles specifically, the risk of developing additional tumors on additional digits was 56%. There were no local postoperative recurrences, and the risk of detecting metastatic disease within 5 y after initial diagnosis was very low at 4%. Conclusion: Moderately large black, or black and tan, dogs have a marked increase in the prevalence of subungual squamous cell carcinomas. At least in giant schnauzers and black standard poodles, the risk of developing additional similar tumors on additional digits is high, but the metastatic risk is very low. Clinical relevance: Veterinarians receiving a histologic diagnosis of subungual squamous cell carcinoma in a large black (or predominantly black) dog should advise the owners of a substantial risk that the dog will develop similar tumors on other digits in 2 or 3 y following initial diagnosis, but that the risk of local recurrence or metastatic spread is extremely low.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".