Short- and long-term administration of buprenorphine improved gene expression of P2X4 and GABAA receptors in the hippocampus of methamphetamine rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
P 2 X 4 receptors modulate synaptic transmission and communication among neurons in the CNS. An increased level of neuronal P 2 X 4 is associated with altered memory in the hippocampal region. Additionally, some evidence suggests that P 2 X receptors downregulate the GABA A receptors. In the microglia of drug users, methamphetamine (METH) modifies the expression of certain genes. Therefore, the alterations of P 2 X 4 and GABA A gene expression on memory following treatment with/without buprenorphine (BUP) in METH rats were evaluated. Seventy-seven rats were allocated into eleven groups at random (n = 7). Control, METH (10 mg/kg), BUP (6 and 10 mg/kg) for 5 days, BUP (6 and 10 mg/kg) for 14 days, METH (10 mg/kg) + BUP (6 and 10 mg/kg) for 5 days, METH + BUP (6 and 10 mg/kg) for 14 days and withdrawal group. They received their treatments intraperitoneally. After memory assessment, the animals were decapitated, and the gene expression of P 2 X 4 and GABA A receptors in the hippocampus was assayed using RT-PCR. The memory and P 2 X 4 and GABA A receptor gene expression in METH rats were reduced compared to the control group. The administration of all the different BUP doses increased gene expression in (BUP 6 or 10 mg/kg. 5 days and BUP.10 mg/kg.14 days) + METH groups compared to METH rats. These results demonstrated that METH toxicity severely decreased the level of P 2 X 4 gene expression. Meanwhile, treatment of BUP led to increasing levels of the mentioned gene. Therefore, the potential role of P 2 X 4 and GABA A receptor genes in modulating METH addiction is addressed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".