Experimental investigation of GFRP‐reinforced concrete columns made with waste aggregates under concentric and eccentric loads
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Nowadays, reducing the waste and recycled material resources in nature and environmental protection, as well as reducing the use of natural resources, has gained the attention of engineers and researchers. One of the ways to reach this goal is to use waste and recycled materials in new concrete members' construction. Additionally, using glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars has gained high consideration owing to their advantages such as high tensile strength and corrosion resistance. Therefore, this study aims to measure the influence of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) on the structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns reinforced by GFRP rebars under concentric and eccentric loading conditions. A total of 24 RC columns were cast and subjected to concentric and eccentric loads with different eccentricity ratios (e/h):0 (no eccentricity), 0.25 (moderate eccentricity), and e/h = 0.5 (high eccentricity). A total of 18 columns were strengthened with longitudinal GFRP rebars, and six specimens were considered control samples reinforced by steel rebars. RCA was used at two contents of 0% and 100% in terms of weight as a substitute for natural coarse aggregates (NCA). In addition, to measure the influence of transverse reinforcement, three different spacings were considered: 60, 120, and 180 mm. Evaluation of axial behavior, the strain of rebars and concrete, and the ductility were the main aims of this study. Moreover, a comparison between the experimental results and existing standards was carried out. Findings revealed the adequate axial resistance of specimens when RCA was used. Therefore, RCA incorporation improved the axial resistance of GFRP‐RC columns by about 25% and 35% when the stirrup spacing declined by 60 and 120 mm, respectively in comparison with the same specimens made with NCA. However, the influence of RCA on the RC columns' axial behavior was declined by raising the eccentricity distance.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it