Broadband Polarization-Insensitive Thermo-Optic Switches on a 220-nm Silicon-on-Insulator Platform
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We demonstrate a polarization-insensitive 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch on a 220-nm silicon-on-insulator platform. This device is based on a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with arms consisting of square-cross-section waveguides. In simulations, the Mach-Zehnder switch (MZS) exhibits extinction ratios (ERs) > 9.5 dB for the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized modes from 1500 nm to 1600 nm. Experimental results verify the broadband operation of the MZS: switching the two polarizations with ERs > 10 dB over an 85-nm wavelength range. Across the C-band (1530 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula> 1565 nm), the fabricated MZS has insertion losses of 0.2 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula> 4.3 dB and ERs > 16 dB (14 dB) at the cross (bar) port for both the TE and TM polarizations. The polarization-dependent losses are around 2 dB within a 100-nm wavelength range, showing the low polarization diversity of the MZS. The proposed MZS is a promising building block for implementing on-chip polarization-division-multiplexed optical interconnects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".