Teacher Self-efficacy in Music Teaching: Systematic Literature Review 2011-2021
Bibliographic record
Abstract
International literature has reported that teachers present deficiencies and insecurities in teaching music; consequently, music is not taught competently and appropriately. Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to cope with different situations and tasks to produce achievements according to the individual's conviction. This systematic literature review aims to examine the self-efficacy of teachers who teach music within classrooms in studies conducted between the years 2011 and 2021. Articles were reviewed from the Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO databases, using the thematic analysis methodology and inclusion criteria, and fifteen articles were finally selected. The results indicate a clear difference in self-efficacy between specialist and non-specialist (generalist) teachers. In both cases, teachers look for different ways to teach music despite the adversities they face in their educational institutions, the low priority of the discipline within the school curriculum, and the scarce musical education they had in their teacher training. As a consequence, their level of self-efficacy is affected according to their professional and life experiences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.051 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.017 | 0.014 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".