Level of physical activity and its associated factors among adults in southeast Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Insufficient levels of physical activity are a well-known modifiable risk factor for a number of chronic conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain malignancies. Little is known about the status of physical activity and its associated factors among adults in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of physical activity and its associated factors among adults in southeast Ethiopia. DESIGN: Analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community setting in southeast Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: 641 adults aged 18-64 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME: Level of physical activity assessed via the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of insufficient physical activity in this study was 29.48% (95% CI: 25.78 to 33.18). Women were more likely to report insufficient physical activity compared with men (39.0% for women and 12.3% for men, p<0.001). Being: a women (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.99, 95% CI: 2.15 to 7.40)), overweight/obese (AOR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.23 to 3.09), ever-married (AOR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.01 to 4.47), a person with no formal education (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.56), a housewife (AOR=3.04, 95% CI: 1.75 to 5.29) and unemployed (AOR=3.30, 95% CI: 1.55 to 7.02) were significantly associated with insufficient physical activity. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that three in 10 adults did not achieve the recommended level of physical activity. For chronic disease prevention in Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health and other stakeholders should pay special attention to strategies to improve the population's physical activity especially among women, housewives, people with no formal education, and married, unemployed and overweight/obese adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".