Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling and Full-Scale Tests of Cured-in-Place Pipe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The results of three-dimensional numerical modeling are compared with the results of full-scale tests on a pipeline reinforced with cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) performed at the Cornell Large-Scale Lifelines Facility. The results pertain to axial elongation to accommodate earthquake-induced ground deformation of a 6-in. (152-mm)-diameter ductile iron (DI) pipeline lined with ALTRA Proven Water Solutions, formerly known as Aqua-Pipe, Generation 1. Full-scale lab tests were designed to evaluate the axial resistance to relative movement between the host pipe and CIPP. A 24-in. (610-mm)-long section of DI pipe was pulled 36 in. (914 mm) across the CIPP under different rates of axial movement and internal pressure. Both the DI pipe and CIPP were modeled as elastic isotropic materials with Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio from tensile coupon test results. Three-dimensional, 8-node, linear interpolation, and full integration elements were used for the pipe and the liner in ABAQUS simulations. The number of elements per pipe and liner circumference was 32. Full-scale tests for internal pressures of 30, 45, and 75 psi (0.21, 0.31, and 0.52 MPa) indicated that the CIPP can sustain higher axial loads as internal pressure increases. The experimental results were shown to compare favorably with the numerical results. The numerical models are used to investigate the effects of initial CIPP diameter, changes in diameter with length, and diameter changes as a function of internal pressure. Rate of loading is shown experimentally to have negligible effects on axial load as a function of axial movement.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".