Twin nonlinearity generator‐based analog predistorter for small‐cell power amplifiers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, a simple analog predistorter (APD), named twin nonlinearity generator based APD (TNG-APD) using the pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT), is proposed for linearizing small-cell radio frequency power amplifiers (RFPAs) in the fifth-generation mobile communication system (5G). The TNG-APD is composed of two cascaded common-source field effect transistors (FETs) and a phase shifter. To verify the linearization, a TNG-APD circuit operating at central frequency of 3.5 GHz is fabricated to linearize wideband RFPAs. The RFPA under the test in this article is a 1-W RFPA for 5G small-cell basestations. The measurement results show that the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of the RFPA is suppressed by more than 15 dB under a 100 MHz bandwidth 5G new radio (5G-NR) signal with simultaneous quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation and 256-quadrature amplitude modulation (256QAM), and more than 7 dB under a 200 MHz bandwidth 64 QAM signal. The measured error vector magnitude (EVM) under the 100 MHz 5G-NR signal is improved from 6.2% to 2.3%. Therefore, the proposed TNG-APD has high potential to linearize wideband RFPAs in the 5G small-cell basestation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".