Durability and Acoustic Performance of Rubberized Concrete Containing POFA as Cement Replacement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given that rubber tires are almost immune to biological degradation, this vast amount of solid waste is a major environmental concern worldwide. Reuse of these waste tires in the construction industry is one of the strategies to minimize their environmental pollution and landfill problems, while contributing to more economical building design. Thus, we assessed the improved traits of rubberized concrete made by combining palm oil fuel ash (POFA) with tire rubber aggregates (TRAs). Studies on the effects of POFA inclusion on the durability properties of rubberized concrete with TRAs as the replacement agent for fine or coarse aggregates remain deficient. Herein, the rubberized concrete contained 20% POFA as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) substitute, and various amounts of TRAs (5, 10, 20 and 30%). The proposed mixes enclosing three types of TRAs (fiber, fine and coarse aggregates) were characterized to determine their durability and acoustic performance. The water absorption, fire endurance performance, chloride penetration, and acoustic properties of the proposed concrete were evaluated. The designed concrete showed a systematic increase in water absorption and chloride penetration with the increase in rubber amount and particle size. These POFA-modified rubberized concretes displayed a satisfactory performance up to 500 °C, and superior acoustic properties in terms of sound absorption. The presence of TRA as 30% coarse aggregate replacement was found to improve the sound absorption properties by as much as 42%.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".