Ultrafast Derived Self-Healable, Reprocessable Polyurethane Elastomer Based on Dynamic “Electrophilic Substitution (ES)-Click” Chemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conventional self-healable polyurethanes (PUs) based on the furan–maleimide combination take several hours to prepare and require an elevated temperature to endow self-healing characteristics via Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry. In this work, furan end-capped triarm PU prepolymers (FAPUs) were prepared using polycaprolactone triol, 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), and furfuryl alcohol in the presence of a tin(II) catalyst. Cross-linked FAPUs were accomplished within 10 s under ambient conditions after reaction with bis-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (bis-TAD) via ES-Click chemistry. Structural elucidation of the synthesized prepolymer and ES-cross-linked FAPUs was carried out by 1H NMR and FTIR analyzes. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis revealed that TAD-derived FAPU elastomers were thermoreversible at 110 °C and room temperature via ES-Click chemistry, and the thermoreversibility of FAPUs was confirmed via solution reprocessability. The self-healing behavior of PUs was monitored under an optical microscope, by scanning electron microscopy, and by tensile measurement. Unlike pristine prepolymer with a tensile strength of σ = 0.1 N/mm2, TAD-derived FAPU1 polymer showed a significant tensile strength of σ = 34.68 N/mm2 with healing efficiency (Hσ = 83%) without using any additive. The surface microhardness and depth penetration of FAPUs improved significantly after cross-linking with bis-TAD and retained their properties even after healing. Similarly, the resultant TAD-derived PUs had improved surface hydrophobicity compared to pristine PU prepolymers as supported by AFM analysis. These ES-Click-derived PU polymer materials showed significant mechanical, good self-healing, and hydrophobic characteristics and will be potential materials for advanced coatings, adhesives, and paint applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".