Ultrafast Derived Self-Healable, Reprocessable Polyurethane Elastomer Based on Dynamic “Electrophilic Substitution (ES)-Click” Chemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conventional self-healable polyurethanes (PUs) based on the furan–maleimide combination take several hours to prepare and require an elevated temperature to endow self-healing characteristics via Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry. In this work, furan end-capped triarm PU prepolymers (FAPUs) were prepared using polycaprolactone triol, 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), and furfuryl alcohol in the presence of a tin(II) catalyst. Cross-linked FAPUs were accomplished within 10 s under ambient conditions after reaction with bis-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (bis-TAD) via ES-Click chemistry. Structural elucidation of the synthesized prepolymer and ES-cross-linked FAPUs was carried out by 1 H NMR and FTIR analyzes. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis revealed that TAD-derived FAPU elastomers were thermoreversible at 110 °C and room temperature via ES-Click chemistry, and the thermoreversibility of FAPUs was confirmed via solution reprocessability. The self-healing behavior of PUs was monitored under an optical microscope, by scanning electron microscopy, and by tensile measurement. Unlike pristine prepolymer with a tensile strength of σ = 0.1 N/mm 2, TAD-derived FAPU 1 polymer showed a significant tensile strength of σ = 34.68 N/mm 2 with healing efficiency ( H σ = 83%) without using any additive. The surface microhardness and depth penetration of FAPUs improved significantly after cross-linking with bis-TAD and retained their properties even after healing. Similarly, the resultant TAD-derived PUs had improved surface hydrophobicity compared to pristine PU prepolymers as supported by AFM analysis. These ES-Click-derived PU polymer materials showed significant mechanical, good self-healing, and hydrophobic characteristics and will be potential materials for advanced coatings, adhesives, and paint applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".