Proprioception assessment in stroke rehabilitation: A survey of Australian physiotherapists and occupational therapists
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Proprioception is the awareness of the position, movement, and muscular force generated by the body and its musculoskeletal parts, and is an important somatosensory impairment to assess in people with stroke. We know that rehabilitation clinicians self-report to assess proprioception in approximately two-thirds of people with stroke. What we do not know is what type of assessments are used, or the true frequency of their use in clinical practice. This study aimed to provide a preliminary description of the type and frequency of proprioception assessment used by clinicians working in stroke rehabilitation in Australia, and their knowledge about proprioception impairment. METHODS: We surveyed Australian physiotherapists and occupational therapists who were involved in the rehabilitation of people with stroke. The online cross-sectional survey ran from March to October 2020. While they were blind to the aims of the study, respondents answered questions about clinical decision-making in a case study of a person with stroke and proprioception impairment. Then, they were asked questions about proprioception. RESULTS: There was a total of 165 survey responses, of which 58 contained complete datasets suitable for analysis. Only 55% ( n = 32) of respondents selected an assessment of proprioception for the person described in the case study. The majority of respondents defined proprioception to be the sense of joint / limb ( n = 38, 65.5%) or body ( n = 27, 46.6%) position and used ‘eyeball’ judgements of limb matching accuracy (56%, n = 33) as an assessment. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that proprioception is likely under-assessed in stroke rehabilitation and that clinicians understand proprioception to be the sense of joint position and movement, but lack awareness of other proprioceptive senses, such as the sense of muscle force. These factors may reduce the ability of clinicians to rehabilitate proprioception impairment in people with stroke.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".