Nasal Septum Changes in Adolescents Treated with Tooth-Borne and Bone-Borne Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A CBCT Retrospective Study Using Skeletal Tortuosity Ratio and Deviation Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Using three-dimensional (3D) images, this study evaluated the impact of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) on changes in Nasal Septal Deviation (NSD). Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of 40 children with transverse maxillary deficiency, who received tooth-borne (TB) RME or bone-borne (BB) RME, were included in this investigation. Two CBCT scans were performed: one before to appliance installation (T0) and one after a 6-month retention period (T1). The analysis was performed by dividing the actual length of the septum by the desired length in the mid-sagittal plane to measure NSD based on the tortuosity ratio (TR). Results: Subjects in the TB group showed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the TR value from T0 to T1, according to the paired Student t test. Subjects in the BB group showed similar findings, with a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the TR value from T0. No statistically significant differences were found between the mean changes of TR between TB group and BB group. Conclusions: RME may have some effects in reducing the degree of NSD; however, no differences were found between RME performed with TB and BB anchorage systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".