New data on the Miocene vertebrate assemblage of the Zaysan Basin (Central Asia) with implications for biostratigraphy, paleoecology, and paleobiogeography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Zaysan Basin in Central Asia has a long geological history, and it has therefore seen major climatic and evolutionary transformations. The Miocene fossil record of this locality is remarkably rich representing all groups of vertebrates. A revision of fish remains has been carried out and new records of fishes, reptiles, and mammals recovered from Miocene deposits of the Zaysan Basin have been described. The study of fossils has revealed the existence of a quite diverse vertebrate assemblage in the basin during the Miocene. Representatives of the Percidae and Amiinae, and the species †Leobergia zaissanica predominated among fishes, whereas reptiles were supposedly represented in the assemblage by pan-trionychid turtles and crocodiles. No amphibians have been revealed, while the only mammalian taxa in the studied sample is a fossorial rodent of the genus †Tachyoryctoides. In contrast to previous views regarding the Middle Miocene age of the Zaysan Formation, the analysis of fish and mammal remains recovered from this locality strongly suggests an Early Miocene age. Findings of bowfin remains in the Zaysan Basin confirm that this group had existed outside of North America beyond the Paleogene/Neogene transition, and, at the same time, these specimens are the last known occurrences of the taxa Amiidae, Amiiformes, and Halecomorphi outside of North America. Data also indicate the existence of a lacustrine ecosystem in the Zaysan Basin during the Miocene with a taxonomically rich vertebrate assemblage and diverse trophic relations being an important center of biodiversity in the Miocene of Central Asia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".